Module 03 · Section 1.3.1
Network Models
In the Client-Server model, a powerful central server provides services while client computers request them. The server manages all resources centrally.
- ✓Backups and security managed centrally from one place.
- ✓Software updates deployed to all clients from the server.
- ✓User permissions controlled centrally.
- ✗Expensive to set up — requires a dedicated server.
- ✗Single Point of Failure — server failure = all clients lose access.
⚠ Examiner Warning
When discussing disadvantages, you must name the "Single Point of Failure" — if the server fails, all clients lose access to services.
In Peer-to-Peer (P2P), all computers have equal status. Any device can act as both client and server, sharing data directly without a central server.
- ✓Cheaper to set up — no dedicated server needed.
- ✓No single point of failure — peers continue if one goes offline.
- ✗Each user must manage their own security and backups.
- ✗Files harder to track — no central record of data locations.
| Aspect | Client-Server | Peer-to-Peer |
|---|---|---|
| Central server? | Yes | No |
| Single Point of Failure? | Yes | No |
| Setup cost | Higher | Lower |
| Security management | Centralised | Per-device |
Mode: Client-Server
Client-Server: All traffic routes through server