OCR J277 Mark Scheme

OCR	GCSE (9-1) Computer Science Mark Scheme J277/01: Unit 1.6 Technology Impacts

Question	Answer	Marks	Guidance
1a	Any three from: Lawfulness, fairness, and transparency Purpose limitation Data minimisation Accuracy Storage limitation Integrity and confidentiality (Security)	3	Reject: Vague answers like "keep it safe" without using the term "Security/Integrity".
1b	Unauthorised access with intent to commit further offences. (1) They accessed the account (unauthorised access) in order to steal the exam paper (further offence). (1)	2	Identifying just "Unauthorised access" gains only 1 mark.
1c	Using a friend's Netflix password with their permission.	1	CMA deals with unauthorised access.
2a	Cloud data centres require vast amounts of electricity to run servers / cooling systems. (1) This electricity is often generated from non-renewable sources, contributing to carbon emissions. (1)	2	Zero marks for discussing e-waste. Question specifies energy consumption.
2b	Any two pairs from: Discarded phones lead to e-waste in landfill (1) releasing toxic chemicals into the soil (1). Manufacturing requires mining raw materials (1) which destroys habitats / depletes resources (1). Shipping new devices globally (1) creates carbon emissions/pollution (1).	4
3a	They can sell the software for a fee (1) generating profit/revenue (1). Competitors cannot see source code (1) so they cannot copy features (1).	2	Ensure the benefit is to the company, not the user.
3b	Users can access source code (1) to modify/customise for their needs (1). Software is often free of cost (1) saving users money (1).	2
3c	Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988)	1
4a	Censorship	1
4b	Any two from: Economic: Cannot afford devices/internet (1) so cut off from online services (1). Infrastructure: Rural areas lack 4G/cables (1) so physical access is impossible (1). Age: Lack of digital literacy skills (1) prevents usage (1).	4
4c	Algorithmic Bias (Accept AI Bias)	1
5*	Indicative Content: Ethical: The "Trolley Problem"; Loss of jobs for drivers. Legal: Liability (who is sued?); Legislation needs updating for non-human drivers. Privacy: Location tracking; Public surroundings recorded by cameras; Data ownership. Marking Levels: Level 3 (6–8 marks): Comprehensive discussion of all three areas (Ethical, Legal, Privacy). Technical terms used correctly. Level 2 (3–5 marks): Discusses at least two areas. Reasoning is present but may lack depth. Level 1 (1–2 marks): Basic points, states the obvious.	8	Common Pitfall: Focusing purely on safety without addressing the impact.