Complete the sentences below using the most appropriate terms from the list.
(a) A Denial of Service (DoS) attack works by a server with useless traffic.

(b) Data interception often uses software known as a to capture data travelling over a network.

(c) A DoS attack aims to consume the of a web server so that legitimate users cannot access it.

An online retailer’s website suddenly becomes unavailable to customers. The server logs show millions of requests coming in from a single IP address in a very short space of time.

(a) Identify the type of attack occurring.
(b) Explain how this attack causes the website to crash. Refer to server resources in your answer.
(c) State one impact this attack could have on the online retailer, other than the website being offline.

A student, Sam, logs into his bank account using the public Wi-Fi at a train station. He is unaware that a hacker is performing a Data Interception attack on the network.

(a) Describe how the hacker could steal Sam's login details using data interception.
(b) Sam believes that because his laptop has a Firewall turned on, his data is safe from interception.
Explain why Sam is wrong.
(c) Sam notices a padlock icon in the address bar of the bank's website.
Explain how the technology represented by the padlock helps protect Sam’s data even if it is intercepted.

Compare Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and Data Interception attacks.
In your answer, you should include:

• The primary purpose of each attack.
• One method of preventing or mitigating each attack.