1. Local Area Network (LAN)
[Image of diagram illustrating a Local Area Network setup]
A LAN operates over a small geographical area. It connects devices within a single site, such as a house, school, or office building.
Key Characteristics
- Small Area: Confined to one building or site.
- Own Infrastructure: Uses cables and hardware (switches/routers) owned by the user.
- No Third Party: Does not use external telecom networks.
Benefits & Usage
- Resource Sharing: Users can share hardware (e.g. printers) and files.
- Centralised Management: Software updates can be deployed centrally to all computers.
- Monitoring: Employers can inspect files or log keystrokes.
⚠️ Examiner Tip:
Never just say "It's local." You must justify a LAN by mentioning the "small geographical area" or that the "hardware is owned by the organisation."
2. Wide Area Network (WAN)
[Image of diagram illustrating a Wide Area Network connecting multiple sites]
A WAN connects networks over a large geographical area. It links sites that are miles apart, nationwide, or global.
Key Characteristics
- Large Area: Connects geographically remote locations.
- Shared Infrastructure: Uses cables/satellites owned by third-party telecom companies (e.g. BT, Virgin).
- Example: The Internet is the biggest WAN.
⚠️ Examiner Tip:
A WAN is not defined by the number of computers. A WAN can have just two computers if they are 100 miles apart!
Quick Comparison
| Feature |
LAN |
WAN |
| Geography |
Small (Single Building) |
Large (Remote Sites) |
| Infrastructure |
Owned by User |
Leased (Third Party) |
📝 Knowledge Check
Test your understanding of the exam rules.